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Physics Olympiad (F=ma)

United States Physics Olympiad, beginning with the F=ma exam

A 25-question mechanics exam that opens the pathway to the United States physics team.

Run by American Association of Physics Teachers

Key facts

Eligible grades
Not confirmed. Check the organiser's rules before entering.
AAPT does not publish a grade range on the registration pages checked. Third-party guides describe it as grades 9 to 12 with no GPA or prior competition requirement.
Recommended preparation
Fluency with mechanics: kinematics, forces, energy and momentum
Why: The F=ma exam is entirely mechanics. AAPT does not publish a coursework prerequisite, but the documented scope is the mechanics portion of a high school physics course.
Based on the published exam or entry format.
This is Compete's reading of the competition's documented content, not a requirement stated by the organiser. You may enter without it.
Compete guidance, not an eligibility restriction. Students outside this are still eligible if the official eligibility above allows them.
Eligible ages
Not confirmed. This organiser may set eligibility by grade rather than age. We do not convert one into the other.
The age limit governs team selection rather than sitting the F=ma exam. Reported by a third party; confirm with AAPT. Source note: the only reference found for this was a third-party listing or encyclopedia, not the organiser. Eligibility must come from the organiser, so this is marked unconfirmed until a first-party page confirms it.
Source, checked 2026-09-02
Individual or team
Individual
Where it runs
Online · United States
Entry cost
A per-student fee paid by the school, typically under $502027 fees not published. For the 2025 cycle AAPT charged a school registration fee of $75, or $37.50 for AAPT members, PER SCHOOL, plus $15 per student. Whether the school or the student pays is a local decision.
Registration deadline
Set locally, not published as a single national date 2027 deadline not published; expected in mid-to-late January 2027 based on prior years. The 2026 deadline was 20 January 2026, extended to 21 January at 11:59 p.m. EST. The 2025 deadline was 27 January.
Competition dates
F=ma exam in winter, USAPhO semifinal in spring, training camp in late spring.
Difficulty
Highly competitiveNational-level field. Expect months of structured work, and usually a coach or a strong team.
Prizes
Training camp place and international team selectionNo cash prizes. Recognition, U.S. Physics Team selection and the training camp.

What Physics Olympiad (F=ma) is

The United States Physics Olympiad begins with the F=ma exam, a 75-minute, 25-question multiple-choice paper covering classical mechanics only. High scorers advance to the USA Physics Olympiad semifinal exam, which is free response and covers the full syllabus, and the top twenty attend a training camp from which the five-person team for the International Physics Olympiad is selected. The mechanics-only first round makes it more approachable than it sounds.

How the competition works

New for 2026, the F=ma and USAPhO exams are conducted ONLINE via Educational Vistas only, with no printable versions available. A handheld calculator may be used with memory cleared of data and programs, limited to basic scientific functions, and only scratch paper provided by the proctor may be used.

Eligibility notes

Registration is by school or approved testing centre. International team selection requires United States citizenship or permanent residency.

How to register

  1. Ask a physics teacher to register your school as a testing centre before the autumn deadline.
  2. Sit the F=ma exam at your school in the winter. It covers classical mechanics only.
  3. If you clear the national cutoff, sit the USAPhO semifinal exam in the spring.
  4. Top scorers are invited to the training camp.

Register on the official site

What skills you need

  • Classical mechanics
  • Electromagnetism for the semifinal round
  • Calculus-based problem solving
  • Estimation
  • Free response physics writing

How to prepare

The F=ma exam is entirely classical mechanics, which makes it far more tractable than a general physics olympiad. Almost all of the score comes from a small set of topics practised deeply. Calculus is not formally required but makes several problem types much faster.

What to study

Kinematics and dynamics
Newton's laws, friction, constraints, pulleys, non-inertial frames. The backbone of the exam.
Energy and momentum
Conservation arguments, collisions, centre of mass, work-energy theorem. Often the fastest route to an answer when forces get messy.
Rotational mechanics
Torque, moment of inertia, angular momentum, rolling without slipping. Consistently the topic that separates scores.
Oscillations and gravitation
Simple harmonic motion, pendulums, orbital mechanics and Kepler's laws.
Estimation and elimination
It is multiple choice. Dimensional analysis, limiting cases and rough magnitude checks eliminate wrong options quickly.

Full preparation guide, including a week-by-week plan

Recommended resources

Past problems and materials

Only materials the organiser or an authorised archive publishes openly are listed here.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need calculus for the F=ma exam?

It is not formally required and many problems are solvable without it, but calculus makes several standard problem types considerably faster. Most students who clear the cutoff have at least basic calculus.

What does the F=ma exam cover?

Classical mechanics only: kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotation, oscillations and gravitation. Electromagnetism appears only at the semifinal stage.

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